There are 4 Major golf tournaments played each year. 

 The Masters played at Augusta National during April. 

United States Open which moves around the country to different venues. The US Open is played in June of each year.  

Then Open Championship is played in the United Kingdom on links courses. Traditionally in Scotland and England during July. and the US PGA Championship.

Then you have another tier of events like the (TPC) Tournament Players Championship, (W.G.C) events Matchplay, Akron, Strokeplay. 

Tournament	Course	Usually Played
The Masters Tournament	Augusta National	April
US Open Championship	Various	June
The Open Championship	Various	July
US PGA Championship	Various	August

The popularity of golf seems to grows more and more each year. With players like Tiger Woods dominating the world golf events has bought a real interest from people for whom don't even play the game.